Affirmative efforts to extend equal educational opportunities to qualified women and people of color have significantly increased the participation of underrepresented groups in the mainstream of our society -- to the benefit of our entire nation.

Special Section: The U.S. Supreme Court Cases Concerning the University of Michigan

On June 23, 2003, the High Court reaffirmed the use of affirmative action policies. Prior to the decision, several organizations and individuals filed friend-of-the-court briefs in support of affirmative action. Since the decision, many reports assessing affirmative action in higher education have been published.

Facts on the U.S. Supreme Court Decisions - AFC

Brief Filed on Behalf of LCCR/LCCREF

Supreme Court Decision in Grutter

Supreme Court Decision in Gratz

Legal Analysis After Grutter and Gratz - Civil Rights Project at Harvard University

The Bush Administration v. Affirmative Action - CCCR

Reports Grutter/Gratz

Legal briefs Grutter/Gratz

Our Picks

Facts on Higher Education and Affirmative Action-AFC

Report: Blend It, Don't End It: Affirmative Action and the Texas Ten Percent Plan After Grutter and Gratz-AFC

Preserving Diversity in Higher Education

Percent Plans in College Admissions - Civil Rights Project at Harvard University